建筑工程英语课后习题答案 .doc

建筑工程英语课后习题答案Unit One Concept of Building and Construction EngineeringPart One, Section A1、 Key to the listening1 contract; 2 have this project; 3 copy to the architect 4 completion; 5 section;6 take over; 7 Quality control; 8 you will get the work you are paying for while we get paid for the work we per.2、Lucas writes a report according to the conversation above.This morning, the client told me that our company was awarded the contract of the project. He issued the letter of acceptance to me and requested several documents to be provided to them before we should commence the work, including perance security. I asked about the drawings and the client said the plan, elevation, section as well as specifications were available in the Architects office. The client expected to have a perfect work and I assured him that we were the professional engineering company. Quality control was our first priority in construction. He would get the work he was paying for while we got paid for the work we pered.Part One, Section BI. Answer the following questions.1. What is good communicationGood communication is the ability to make others understand what you are trying to communicate.2. Whom will you come in contact with in the building and construction industry Client, consultants, manufactures, suppliers, subcontractors, etc.3. What are the relations among the client, the consultants and the contractor The relations between client and contractor are just like employer and employee. The er finances the building and the later is employed and paid to build the building. The consultants work for the client by designing the building and instruct the contractor to build the building. All of them work together to make the building perfect.4. What are the relations among the contractor, the subcontractor and the manufacture Subcontractor is employed and paid by the contractor to take certain part of the works, e.g. electrical or plumbing work. Manufacture makes building components required by the contractor. Both subcontractor and manufacture work for contractor.5. List as many drawings and documents as possible used on the site.Drawings Assembly drawing, Component drawing, Detail section, Elevation, Floor plan, Location drawing, Perspective drawing, Plan, Plan detail, Elevation, Production drawing, Section, Site layout site plan, Site plan, Survey plan, Working drawing , etc.Documents Bill of quantities, Daywork sheet, of contract, Insurance policy, Insurance premium, Licence, Program, Schedule, Site minutes, Soil report, Specification, etc.II. Match the following words or phrases with the correct Chinese. 1 f; 2 d; 3 b; 4 h; 5 c; 6 g; 7 i; 8 j; 9 e; 10 - aIII. Read the following drawings.1. Find a proper word or phrase to describe each of the drawings. 1 effect drawing; （效果图） 2 structure drawing （结构图）3 elevation （立面图） 4 floor plan 楼层平面图 5 section （剖面图 / 断面图） 6）detail section （剖面详图 / 节点图）2. Read the drawings again and tell your partners what the function is for each drawing. The function of perspective drawing gives a feeling of distance and solidity to the building. It is usually drawn by Architect. The function of the structure drawing is to show how to make the building stable and safe. It is drawn by structure engineer. Floor plan shows what are planned on the floor or in the house. Section shows more clearly what the drawing tells and enables the builders to per the work. Detail section shows how the parts of the building are connected.Part Two I. Reading Comprehension1. What does building construction involve Building Construction involves many trades, operations, products and professions.2. Describe briefly the building construction requirements. Building construction requires the understanding of sciences of materials and structures, environmental sciences, and building economics.3. Why is it becoming even more important to design and construct energy efficient housingBecause the worlds energy sources are deleting and the cost of energy rises.4. Explain the finishes in building construction. The finishes in building construction include floor finishes, wall finishes and ceiling finishes. The normal practice of finishes starts from ceiling, then walls and leaves floors at last. The ceiling can be painted or be suspended. The wall can also be painted or wall-papered. Floor tiles, carpets, or timbers can be used as floor finishes.5. According to your understanding, explain briefly the structure in building construction.Three structures are generally used in building construction. They are solid structure, skeletal framed structure and surface structure. Solid structure is usually of masonry and concrete. Skeletal framed structure is suitable for high and low rise and for long and short span buildings. Surface structure is used for certain type of building with special materials.II. A. Translate the following sentences into English.1. 在建筑施工中，你会接触到来自不同地方的各种人员。 Through your work in the building and construction industry you will come in contact with lots of people from many different areas.2.你给出的大样图要简洁明了，图纸的注释要充分，这很重要。It is important that you show the required details clearly and simply and that your drawings are fully annotated.3. 从事建筑施工需要懂得材料学、结构、环境学及建筑经济。 Building construction requires the understanding of sciences of materials, structures, environmental sciences, and building economics.4. 雇主任命工程师，工程师应履行合同中指派给他的任务。 The Employer shall appoint the Engineer who shall carry out the duties assigned to him in the Contract.5. 解决能源短缺矛盾的较有效方法是进行建筑节能控制。 The more effective way to solve the energy shortage in construction is to control the building energy conservation.B. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese. 随着世界能源资源的减少，能源价格的上涨，设计和建设节能建筑就显得尤为重要。节能建筑被定义为居住更加舒适，运行成本更加低廉。设计得好的建筑不仅节约钱而且创造友好的环境。 节能建筑的重要决策需要在设计初期做出，从建筑的周边环境获取最大好处。适当利用窗户、建筑材料、隔热、自然通风，这些对成功的节能设计起着主要的作用。 低耗能建筑的主要目标是充分利用能源，达到合理的舒适度，在建筑成本和住房供热降温成本之间保持最佳平衡。这意味着低耗能建筑应该具有在冬天最大限度减少热量流失、最大限度获取太阳能；在夏天最大限度排斥热量，最大限度接收自然通风。这就称之为“冬暖夏凉”。课文译文Part One Section B参考译文 交流是日常生活中最基本的一部分，然而，有些人对交流的能力却不以为然。试想如果你不能与人交流，如果，无论你多么努力，你的表达都不能使人理解，那是多么令人沮丧的事。 好的交流是一种让人理解你想表达什么的能力。 在建筑业工作，你会接触到来自不同地方的各种人员。这些人有可能使用该地区特有的某种术语或难懂的语言，这些语言有可能因国家不同而发生了变化。 这部分的目的是为你介绍在建筑业你会接触到的各类人员、施工现场会使用到的图纸及文件的一些基本知识。 项目管理（在现场工作的人员）（见图，略） 图纸及文件 建筑图就是建筑物竣工后是什么样子的图解。图纸通常是由建筑师、工程师或绘图员为雇主绘制，包含建筑施工需要的所有信息。建造者使用标注有详细建筑材料和部件的图纸。绘制这样的图纸需要多年的实践经验和全面的建筑知识。重要的是给出的详图要简洁明了，注释充分。装配图显示怎样把建筑的各部件组装在一起，部件图显示的是建筑的某一部分，比如门窗。位置图显示的是建筑物的各部位及部件的位置。透视图（效果图）给人一种距离感和建筑物的真实感。楼层平面图是建筑物一层楼的平面布局。现场平面图或现场布置图显示的是建筑物的位置及现场的其他部分。测量图是建筑开工前的现场平面，显示现场的现有特征及标高。立面图显示的是建筑物的前、后、及侧面而剖面图是从侧面看建筑物的一部分。 在现场工作中你可能会阅读到许多文件。工程量清单列出了修建一个工程所需的材料及工作内容。日工作表记录完成的合同外增加的工作。合同形式是雇主和承包商之间的合同条款和条件。保险条例是保险合同中所列的条款和条件，而保险费是支付的一笔金额，用于工程受到损害时保险公司给予赔付。执照是某权威机构颁发的官方许可证。工程进度表显示的是承包商计划完成该工程的时间，计划表是建筑部件清单，如门计划表，卫生洁具计划表。现场会议纪要是现场会议的书面记录，土壤报告是工程师准备的现场地质情况信息。技术规范是要实施的工程的书面描述。 Part Two 参考译文 建筑工程概述 建筑施工涉及许多工种、工序、产品和技术，它涉及建筑结构的设计及建筑施工的方法。因此，从事建筑施工需要懂得材料学、结构、环境学及建筑经济。当下，随着世界能源资源的减少，能源价格的上涨，设计和建设节能建筑就显得尤为重要。 建筑是一个供人类居住、工作、娱乐的用墙围起的结构， 也是一个能御寒、隔热、挡风、遮雨，提供舒适的内部环境和保障生命财产安全的封闭式结构。下面是建筑的一些基本概念。1、 建筑的构成部分（略）。2、建筑的基本要素基本要素功能及类型 基础将建筑的荷载分布于地下土壤e.g. 条形基础, 独立基础, 桩基础, 筏型基础外墙建筑的外部覆盖形式e.g. 承重墙和非承重墙内墙将外墙覆盖的内部空间分隔成房间e.g. 砖, 砌块, 木板, 金属楼层将外墙和平行屋面围护的空间分隔以增加使用空间e.g. 底楼, 上层楼面楼梯1 从楼层到楼层的通道2 防火通道e.g.. 材料, 形状屋面保护建筑免受风雨的侵蚀e.g. 坡屋面, 平屋面门封闭进入建筑物的洞口，或封闭建筑物内房间与房间之间的洞口e.g. 材料 施工, 开洞的方法窗 1 让光线和阳光进入建筑物2 能观察室内外事物e.g. 材料, 开洞的方法Unit Two Preliminary Site Work1。Key to the listening6 site plan; 7 stockpile topsoil; 8 square meters；9 the huts; 10 accessible building;6 the ground slab; 7 foundations; 8 we get the offices watertight as soon as possible.2、Peter writes a site report according to the conversation above.Kevin and I talked about the site plan and tried to solve the problem in site arrangement. Because there wasnt enough room to put everything at the beginning, we finally made a decision to set out the factory first, got the groundslab ready quickly and put the site huts up there while all the other foundations were being laid. Then, the office block would be built and be used as the site offices.Part One, Section BI. Answer the following questions.1. Plans, financing and building permits are included in this stage, as well as site investigation and preliminary site works.2. For determining the factors which may affect the design and the construction processes of the proposed works.3. It includes the soil investigation which is to determine strength of soil and to detect presence of causes, mines and harmful materials. It also investigates the existing underground services such as water pipes, sewages pipes, electrical cables, telephone lines, and gas pipes underground4. Before the actual construction work begins on site.5.The access for entry and exit the site, storage facilities for materials, workshops or fabrication areas for work and reinforcement, mechanical plant such as tower crane and mixing plant for concrete production, site offices for administrative function, welfare sanitary facilities such as temporary living quarters, site canteen, toilets / bathrooms for the staff and workers, security protection for preventing theft of materials and injury to members of public, and temporary services such as electricity, water and telephone lines.II. Match the following words or phrases with the correct Chinese.1.C 2.I 3.A 4.D 5.H 6.G 7.F 8.E 9.J 10.BIII. Read the following pictures1、Find a proper word or phrase to describe each of the pictures.1 site plan 2site meeting 3 site investigation 4 site layout 5below ground investigation 6preparing for the beginning of the site construction2、Read the pictures again and tell your partners which ones are related to each other and what kind of construction work they show.All the six pictures are related to each other. The first pictures shows when we get a project we must study site plan and find out how to build on the site. The second picture shows a meeting on the site with all the parties is necessary to discuss problems before the work starts. The third picture shows the site investigation is required to make sure the existing site features. The fourth picture shows they are ready to do site layout. The fifth picture shows they are doing underground investigation or piling to make sure the underground features. And the last picture shows the building plants or equipments are already on the site and the construction work begins.Part Twokey to the rcisesI. Reading Comprehension1. This is important to both the designer and builder because it will determine perhaps the style of house or type of footing used, or may determine the extent of cut and fill required if a conventional type of building is to be constructed.2. You should think about delivery of materials, particularly concrete or bricks, and the opportunity for any excavation plant to gain access. Provisions for storage of materials on site must also be considered.3. The removal of the butt and roots may require considerable excavation which will require filling to be properly prepared and compacted.4. This can be done by applying to the regional Lands Titles Office. You will require the owners name and / or the address of the site to obtain the plan number. You may then look at the plan in the office on a micro film, or purchase the plan for a small fee.5. You have to build within the boundaries on the current allotment.II. TranslationA. Translate the following sentences into English.1. Before you begin work on a building site you must be familiar with all the details of the site. 2. Access to the site is not only a requirement for the owner but it is also an important issue for the builder. 3. Zoning will vary from area to area and controls what the land may be used for.4. The presence of existing buildings, trees, vegetation, fences or any special features must be described in a site investigation.5. If new fences are to be erected, the cost of removing the old ones must be accounted for.B. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese现场评估是建筑施工规划阶段的一部分。评估获得的信息不仅建筑商需要，任何在项目工作的建筑师或工程师都需要。现场施工开始，以下事项必须充分了解1）位置，包括土地使用权、功能分区、地役权和限定事项；2现场描述，包括边界、尺寸、斜坡/梯度、通道、现有特征和植被；3）现场分析中提到的重要特征；4）可提供的设施也必须考虑，如电、水、污水管、气、电话等，哪些设施已经有了，连接这些设施需要多少费用哪些设施是没有的5）土质勘测是复杂的，应该由土壤工程师来完成。土质勘测不仅要考虑土质的构成，还要考虑那些影响基础含水量的因素。Reference Translation of Section B现场施工准备概述任何建筑在施工开始前都有一系列工作要做，这被称之为工程前期准备。此阶段包括计划、融资和获得建造许可，以及进行场地勘测和现场施工准备。现场勘测现场勘测要求查明那些影响设计和拟建工程施工的因素。勘测分为两类地上勘测和地下勘测。地上勘测包括施工现场勘测，例如障碍物、已有的建筑物和地形地貌；周边环境勘测，如邻里的房产；现场附近条件的调查，如提供设施和人力最近的城镇。地下勘测包括土壤勘测以确定土壤的强度，探明土质的成因，地下矿产和有害物质。它也要勘测地下现有的设施，如水管、下水道、电缆、电话线和地下气体管道。勘测的目的就是要达到更好的设计、更经济的前期施工准备和制订更好的施工方法。现场施工准备在施工开始前，现场施工的准备工作要完成。通常涉及到现场清理和现场布置。现场清理包括拆除现有建筑物、移栽树木及灌木、铲除表层土以及改道现有设施。现场布置必须考虑出入现场的通道，材料的堆放设施，车间或模板、钢筋的加工场地，机械设备如塔式起重机（塔吊）和混凝土搅拌站的位置，现场行政办公室，劳保和卫生设施如为员工提供临时住房、食堂、厕所/浴室，安全保卫以防止材料被盗和公众受到伤害，临时服务设施如供电、供水和电话。Reference Translation of Part Two现场分析现场施工开始前，你必须要熟悉现场的所有细节。你必须分析现场的位置、限制及其特征。下列事项应包括在施工现场分析中。做成列表，确保你不会遗漏这些对你有用的项目位置现场位置包括现场所处的城镇、街道和地块编号，以供今后参考。所有权调查可以对地块所有权进行调查以确认所指地块的准确尺寸、形状及位置。向当地的土地所有权办公室申请，提供物主的名字和地址获取规划图编号，然后通过办公室的微电影查看或花点钱买下规划图。土地功能划分在规划开始前，很重要的事就是决定使用地的功能划分。土地功能划分因区域不同而不同并控制土地的用途。例如你不能在只允许建独户住宅的标有R1的土地上建一栋公寓。地役权地役权是指土地或可使用地的一部分，被法律限制只能用于特殊的用途或目的，例如、通道、排水系统或市政设施。作为地块用户管的一部分，接户干管或许要铺设在地块的一边或穿过该地块的建筑。地役权会被显示和注册在相关的土地所用权上。如果建筑妨碍了通道，法律将禁止业主在注册的土地上建设此部分。限定限定是开发商用于现场对建筑样式、颜色或外形等的限制条约。例如，庄园（房地产）可能不允许用瓦楞铁皮做栅栏或屋顶。边界定位建造时，重要的是建在当前可使用地的边界线内。边界的定位除了土地所有权证书上描述的以外，还可以参照测量标桩。如果这些都还不能确定，那么，可以要求测量员在现场精确定位并在现场的边界上楔入测桩，包括地役权或其它场地的限制。测量员从土地所有权证书上获得使用地的尺寸、角度和其它细节。现场的角落通常用漆成白色的标桩来标示。尺寸场地的尺寸、角度、地域、地段编号和方向都能从土地所有权图表中的现场平面图中获得，同时还附有其它特征。坡度或梯度如果有等高线，现场的坡度或梯度都会被标注在等高线上。如果没有，那么将要求测量员或建造人员测量土地来确定地面的高低。这对设计者和建造者都很重要，因为它或许会决定房子的样式、地基的类型。如果建的是普通类型的建筑，它或许会决定挖方和填方的延伸。无论如何，土地的坡度在设计阶段就要确定。通道现场通道不仅仅是业主的要求，对施工者（建造者）也是十分重要的。你应该考虑到材料的运输，尤其是混凝土和砖，并能让挖掘设备通过。现场材料储存的设备也必须要考虑。现有特征现场已有的建筑、树木、植被、栅栏或任何特别的物体必须在现场勘测中描述出来。这将给设计者、工程师或建造者提供一切机会去考虑设计和预算。现有建筑可能要求拆除或围起来，很明显要增加建设费用。树的位置、大小和种类必须标注在现场平面图上。在某些情况下，大树可能不允许移走，或者，如果被移走，将会明显影响到那里的土质。移走树干和树根很显然要进行挖掘，这就需要分层回填和夯实。植被施工场地要整洁，必须从现场移走植被。有些现场可能有大量的植被要移走，这必须要考虑在现场准备的预算中。如果建筑正好建在地界边线上，栅栏可能也是要考虑的项目。如果要建新栅栏，拆除旧栅栏的费用要计算在内。明显特征可使用地的任何其它特征都要标注在现场平面图上，为设计者最大可能地去设计和建造工程，并消除任何潜在的问题。这些特征如水的流向、回填的迹象、现有的挖掘或挡土墙都可能和工程的最初设计有关。Unit Three SubstructurePart One, Section A1、 Key to the listening1 sand 2 give away 3 taking a fair load 4 excavated 5 500 millimeters6 get through it 7 What if we dont get through